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Seyma SEREFLIOGLU, Emine Yapici KARAASLAN, Sevil YUCEL. Wet Chemical Conversion of Trachycardium Egmontianum Shells into Calcium Phosphate Ceramics: Effect of Sintering Temperature and SBF Response; Proceedings of NanoBioMat 2026(1); 190-203
Wet Chemical Conversion of Trachycardium egmontianum Shells into Calcium Phosphate Ceramics: Effect of Sintering Temperature and SBF Response
Seyma SEREFLIOGLU*, Emine Yapici KARAASLAN, Sevil YÜCEL
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
*Correspondence: seymaserefliogluu@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Calcium phosphate bioceramics were synthesized from Trachycardium egmontianum shells by wet chemical conversion with phosphoric acid and subsequent sintering at 1000 and 1250 °C. Although this shell species has previously been used as a biogenic calcium source for hydroxyapatite synthesis, this study investigates its direct conversion into sintered calcium phosphate powders and pellets and examines the effect of sintering temperature on their physicochemical and in vitro bioactive properties.
Thermal analysis confirmed the calcium carbonate-rich nature of the raw shell powder, with major decomposition occurring between approximately 600 and 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) results showed that the original aragonitic shell structure was transformed into calcium phosphate phases after reaction and sintering. Bioactivity was assessed by immersing pellets in simulated body fluid for 21 days. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and FTIR analyses after immersion indicated the formation of an apatite-like surface layer on both sample groups. The results demonstrate that T. egmontianum shells are a suitable natural precursor for the production of calcium phosphate bioceramics and that sintering temperature plays a decisive role in controlling phase composition, densification, and in vitro surface mineralization.
Keywords: Marine-sourced calcium, Trachycardium egmontianum, calcium phosphate, wet chemical synthesis.